Genecards lähde yksittäisistä Metallothioneiiniperheen jäsenistä

 

4		MT1A	Metallothionein 1A	Protein Coding	P04731	50	GC16P056638	12.96
5		MT1F	Metallothionein 1F	Protein Coding	P04733	48	GC16P056657	11.94
6		MT1G	Metallothionein 1G	Protein Coding	P13640	47	GC16M056666	11.93
7		MT1E	Metallothionein 1E	Protein Coding	P04732	52	GC16P056625	11.05
8		MT1X	Metallothionein 1X	Protein Coding	P80297	51	GC16P137368	10.47
9		MT1B	Metallothionein 1B	Protein Coding	P07438	41	GC16P137362	10.05
10		MT1M	Metallothionein 1M	Protein Coding	Q8N339	41	GC16P056632	10.01
11		MTNR1B	Melatonin Receptor 1B	Protein Coding	P49286	57	GC11P092969	9.99
12		MT1L	Metallothionein 1L (Pseudogene)	Pseudogene	Q93083	26	GC16P056617	9.97
13		MT1H	Metallothionein 1H	Protein Coding	P80294	46	GC16P137363	9.92

Metallothioneiinien superperhe (sf)

 

Metallothionein protein evolution: a miniassay

Mercè Capdevila 1, Sílvia Atrian

• PMID: 21633816
 
• DOI: 10.1007/s00775-011-0798-3
Abstract

Metallothionein (MT) evolution is one of the most obscure yet fascinating aspects of the study of these atypical metal-binding peptides. The different members of the extremely heterogeneous MT protein superfamily probably evolved through a web of duplication, functional differentiation, and/or convergence events leading to the current scenario, which is particularly hard to interpret in terms of molecular evolution. Difficulties in drawing straight evolutionary relationships are reflected in the lack of definite MT classification criteria. Presently, MTs are categorized either according to a pure taxonomic clustering or depending on their metal binding preferences and specificities. Extremely well documented MT revisions were recently published. But beyond classic approaches, this review of MT protein evolution will bring together new aspects that have seldom been discussed before. Hence, the emergence of life on our planet, since metal ion utilization is accepted to be at the root of the emergence of living organisms, and global trends that underlie structural and functional MT diversification, will be presented. Major efforts are currently being devoted to identifying rules for function-constrained MT evolution that may be applied to different groups of organisms.

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Metallotioneiini I ja II ja niiden osuus hermoston sairauksissa ja keskushermostossa

 Kööpenhaminan Lääkäriyhdistyksen  julkaisu 2006: Metallothionein I and II expression and roles during neuropathology och the CNS.  Kirjoittaja: Milena Penkova, MD, PhD. 

PubMed haku: Lithium, metalloproteinases, (mikä interaktio?)

 

115 results

 

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1

 

Extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels for tissue repair and regeneration.

Ju Y, Hu Y, Yang P, Xie X, Fang B.Mater Today Bio. 2022 Dec 21;18:100522. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100522. eCollection 2023 Feb.PMID: 36593913 Free PMC article. Review.

Lithium Phenyl (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl) phosphinate    (  one of keyword myriad)

2

 

Expression of matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases in the hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine-induced acute epileptic rats.

Wan D, Yang L, Ren J, Huang H, Zhang C, Chen L, Su X, Huang Q, Niu J, Sun T, Wang P.Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jul;49(7):5805-5810. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07277-5. Epub 2022 Jun 17.PMID: 35715602

Background: Epilepsy is characterised by abnormal neuronal discharges, including aberrant expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) components and synaptic plasticity stabilisation. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) interact to remodel the ECM in the central nervous system (CNS), to modulate synaptic plasticity in epileptogenesis.

Methods and results: In the present study, the expression of MMP activators (tPA and uPA), 10 MMPs, and 3 TIMPs was detected by western blot analysis and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) to assess their potential pathogenetic role in the epileptogenesis in the hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine hydrochloride-induced epileptic rats. Our results showed that The expression of MMP7 and MMP14 was impeded in the hippocampus of lithium-pilocarpine-induced acute epileptic rats compared with that in controls. The transcriptional level of tPA was enhanced on day 1 post-seizure in the hippocampus, while the levels of several MMPs and TIMPs did not change on days 1 and 3 post-seizure compared with that in controls.

Conclusions: The expression of MMPs and TIMPs reflects a novel feature of epileptogenesis and may offer new perspectives for future therapeutic interventions.

Keywords: ECM remodeling; Epileptogenesis; MMPs/TIMPs; Seizures.

3

 

[Parkinsonian dystonia].

Dowsey-Limousin P.Rev Neurol (Paris). 2003 Oct;159(10 Pt 1):928-31.PMID: 14615683 Review. French.

There are several medical options to try and improve those dystonias, adjustment of levodopa doses, adding a dopamine agonist drug, anticholinergics, lithium, baclofene or clonazepam. Those options are not always very effective. Botulinum toxin injections are an alternativ …

4

 

Lithium protects dopaminergic cells from rotenone toxicity via autophagy enhancement.

Hou L, Xiong N, Liu L, Huang J, Han C, Zhang G, Li J, Xu X, Lin Z, Wang T.BMC Neurosci. 2015 Nov 25;16:82. doi: 10.1186/s12868-015-0222-y.PMID: 26608648 Free PMC article.

CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggested that lithium exerted neuroprotection against rotenone-induced injuries partially through the autophagy pathway. Pharmacologically induction of autophagy by lithium may represent a novel therapeutic strategy as a disease-modifier …

5

 

Neurobiology and temperament in the offspring of excellent lithium responders.

Ferensztajn E, Skibinska M, Kaczmarek M, Losy J, Rybakowski JK.World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Jun;16(4):272-7. doi: 10.3109/15622975.2014.913810. Epub 2014 May 14.PMID: 24824424

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the study was to assess neurobiological and temperamental correlates in offspring of lithium-treated patients, related to parental lithium response. METHODS: The study comprised 27 female and 23 male subjects, aged 17-54 years, the offspring o …

6

 

Lithium enhances post-stroke blood-brain barrier integrity,

activates the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway and alters immune cell migration in mice.

Haupt M, Zechmeister B, Bosche B, Lieschke S, Zheng X, Zhang L, Venkataramani V, Jin F, Hein K, Weber MS, Hermann DM, Bähr M, Doeppner TR.Neuropharmacology. 2020 Dec 15;181:108357. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108357. Epub 2020 Oct 13.PMID: 33065166 Free article.

Lithium induces neuroprotection against cerebral ischemia, although the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. . Furthermore, stabilization of the BBB as a consequence of lithium treatment was associated with an inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, independent of calveolin-1 regulation. In line with this, flow cytometry analysis revealed that lithium treatment led to a decreased neutrophil invasion and an increased T cell extravasation from the blood compartment towards the brain parenchyma

7

 

Lithium upregulates growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43) and postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) in cultured neurons exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation and improves electrophysiological outcomes in rats subjected to transient focal cerebral ischemia following a long-term recovery period.

Tai SH, Huang SY, Chao LC, Lin YW, Huang CC, Wu TS, Shan YS, Lee AH, Lee EJ.Neurol Res. 2022 Oct;44(10):870-878. doi: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2056817. Epub 2022 Mar 29.PMID: 35348035

OBJECTIVES: Lithium has numerous neuroplastic and neuroprotective effects in patients with stroke. Here, we evaluated whether delayed and short-term lithium treatment reduces brain infarction volume and improves electrophysiological and neurobehavioral outcomes foll …

8

 

Microdose lithium reduces cellular senescence in human astrocytes - a potential pharmacotherapy for COVID-19?

Viel T, Chinta S, Rane A, Chamoli M, Buck H, Andersen J.Aging (Albany NY). 2020 Jun 13;12(11):10035-10040. doi: 10.18632/aging.103449. Epub 2020 Jun 13.PMID: 32534451 Free PMC article.

In the last few years, our research group showed that lithium carbonate at microdose levels was able to stabilize memory and change neuropathological characteristics of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present work, we present evidence that low-dose lithium can redu …

9

 

Lithium chloride suppresses LPS-mediated matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in macrophages through phosphorylation of GSK-3beta.

Kim S, Bong N, Kim OS, Jin J, Kim DE, Lee DK.Cell Biol Int. 2015 Feb;39(2):177-84. doi: 10.1002/cbin.10352. Epub 2014 Aug 14.PMID: 25053111

Abnormal degradation of matrix components due to dysregulated expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in macrophages has been linked to progression of acute cerebral ischemia and atherosclerosis. We report that lithium chloride (LiCl) or CHIR99021, inhibitors …

10

 

Lithium ameliorates neurodegeneration, suppresses neuroinflammation, and improves behavioral performance in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury.

Yu F, Wang Z, Tchantchou F, Chiu CT, Zhang Y, Chuang DM.J Neurotrauma. 2012 Jan 20;29(2):362-74. doi: 10.1089/neu.2011.1942. Epub 2011 Nov 1.PMID: 21895523 Free PMC article.

TBI-induced neuronal death, microglial activation, and cyclooxygenase-2 induction were all attenuated by lithium at 3 days after injury. In addition, lithium treatment reduced TBI-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression and preserved the integrity of th …

joistain metalleista muistiin: Lithium , Li

 

Miten litiumalkuaine koostui?

Litiumissa on 3 protonia ja 3 tai 4 neutronia. Jos siinä on Z3, A6 , N3 rakenne(6Li) , se on stabiili ja kaikesta stabiilista litiumista 7,5 %. Jos siinä on rakenne Z3, A7, N4, tätä stabiilia litiumia 7Li on 92,5 %. 7Li/6Li suhde Maassa 12.3 ( kuten meteoriiteistakin on saatu) .

Jos kaavamaisesti ( legona "huoneenlämpötilassa" ajattelee litiumelementejä, siitä löytää yhden alfan (2p, 2n) ja yhden deuteriumin ( 1p, 1n) -tai vastaavsti tritiuminukleuksen( 1p, 2n) Elektroneja kuitenkin siinä on 3, koska varaus on +3. Joten elektronikatoa He, D tai HE Tritium suhteen ei ole.

Mutta miten luonnossa Litium syntyy. Löysin seuraavan selityksen. Se voi tulla 3 alfarakenett tumassaan olevasta hiiletä (6C12) tai 4 alfaydinkokoomusta omaavasta hapesta (8O 16) käsin. spallaatiolla isommasta pienemmäksi.

Spallaation määritelmästä: Wikipediasta. Spallaatio on prosessi, missä raskas atomiydin päästää vapaaksi nukleoneja sen jälkeen kun siihen on osunut jokin korkeaenerginen partikkeli.. Jos protoni törmää niin jokaista protonia kohden vapautuu lukuisia spallaatiopartikkelieta, esim neutroneja. Yhtä törmäävää protonia kohden voi raskaasta ytimestä irtautua 20-30 neutronia. Mutta tässä litiumin suhteen katsotaan vain hieman sitä isompia ytimiä, kuten hiiltä ja happea.

Yksi selitys litiumin synnystä on ohessa.

LÄHDE:

Letters to Nature

http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v402/n6759/abs/402270a0.html

Nature 402, 270-273 (18 November 1999) | doi:10.1038/46235; Received 4 May 1999; Accepted 28 September 1999

Litiumsynteesi auringossa pääteltynä aurinkotuulen litiumsuhteista 7Li/6Li

Lithium nucleosynthesis in the Sun inferred from the solar-wind ⁷Li/⁶Li ratio

Marc Chaussidon¹ & François Robert²

Muistiin 24.3. 2014